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Introduction The PMBOK Guide is a denomination that represents the totality of knowledge within the project management area. As in any other profession - law, medicine, or accounting - the body of knowledge is based on the contribution of professionals and students who apply such knowledge in their daily activities, improving upon it. The guide includes knowledge already proved through widely used traditional practices, as well as knowledge about more innovative and advanced practices that have had more limited application, including material published or not. Additionally, the PMBOK Guide also aims at providing a common terminology, within the profession and the practices, for the oral and written language about project management. The PMBOK Guide covers 44 processes divided into 9 knowledge areas, creating a continuous process flow. +=+=+Schematic representation of 44 processes, subdivided into project phases, according to the PMBOK Guide. Breaking down the PMBOK Guide through MINDMAPS Mindmaps are considered a world standard for the creation, management, and communication of ideas. Mindmaps support the organization of ideas and knowledge by means of an intuitive and friendly visualization, besides presenting high visual versatility. Mindmaps stem from a central idea, where all map branches represent a breakdown of the main idea into related ideas, based on a visual thought template. Visual thought is a concept based on research of how the human brain works, where the stimulus of the visual and tangible senses is sought, so as to improve creativity and understanding of the parts belonging to a unified whole, thus reducing the time for development and understanding of ideas. As is well known, the PMBOK Guide, 3rd edition, is divided into 9 areas and 44 processes, as shown in the mindmaps depicted. In each of the next chapters, the mindmaps of each area will be presented in detail. … the nine PMBOK Guide knowledge areas within the entire Project Management Institute (PMI) knowledge framework are presented. The numbering of the areas starts at 4, corresponding to the guide chapter numbers - integration discussed, and so on, successively. +=+=+Mindmap of the nine project management areas according to the PMBOK Guide, 3rd edition. When each of these areas is broken down in detail, it results in a map of 44 processes grouped according to their knowledge areas. +=+=+Mindmap of the 44 processes according to the PMBOK Guide. 4. Project Integration Management 4.1 Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement 4.2 Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement 4.3 Develop Project Management Plan 4.4 Direct and Manage Project Execution 4.5 Monitor and Control Project Work 4.6 Integrated Change Control 4.7 Close project 5.1 Scope Planning 5.2 Scope Definition 5.3 Create WBS 5.4 Scope Verification 5.5 Scope Control 6.1 Activity Definition 6.2 Activity Sequencing 6.3 Activity Resource Estimating 6.4 Activity Duration Estimating 6.5 Schedule Development 6.6 Schedule Control 11.1 Risk Management Planning 11.2 Risk Identification 11.3 Qualitative Risk Analysis 11.4 Quantitative Risk Analysis 11.5 Risk Response Planning 11.6 Risk Monitoring and Control 12.1 Plan Purchase and Acquisitions 12.2 Plan Contracting 12.3 Request Seller Responses 12.4 Select Sellers 12.5 Contract Administration 12.6 Contract Closure 9.1 Human Resources Planning 9.2 Acquire Project Team 9.3 Develop Project Team 9.4 Manage Project Team 10.1 Communications Planning 10.2 Information Distribution 10.3 Performance Reporting 10.4 Manage Stakeholders 7.1 Cost Estimating 7.2 Cost Budgeting 7.3 Cost Control 8.1 Quality Planning 8.2 Perform Quality Assurance 8.3 Perform Quality Control 5. Project Scope Management 6. Project Time Management 7. Project Cost Management 9. Project Human Resource Management 10. Project Communications Management 11. Project Risk Management 12. Project Procurement Management PMBOK. Project Quality Management Project Management Areas The project management areas describe project management in terms of the processes that compose it. These processes can be organized into nine integrated and interrelated groups. Each of these processes has a specific detailing and its own coverage, but is integrated at every point in time with the other processes, together forming a single and organized whole. The areas and the processes they comprise are as follows: Integration management - The processes required to ensure that all project elements are adequately integrated, thus guaranteeing that the whole is always benefited. Scope management - The processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete it successfully. Time management - The processes required to ensure the completion of the project according to the appointed timeline. It’s one of the most visible areas of project management. Cost management - The processes required to ensure that the project is completed within its allotted budget. Quality management - The processes required to ensure that the project's products or services will be in compliance with the client's requirements or contractual obligations. Human resources management - The processes required to make a more effective use of the personnel involved with the project. Communication management - The processes required to ensure that the project information is adequately gathered and disclosed. Risk management - Planning, identifying, qualifying, quantifying, answering, and monitoring project risks. Procurement management - The processes required to purchase goods and services outside the promoting organization. -- +=+=+ Integrated processes in project management. Quality Time Scope Cost Procurement Integration Communications Human Resources Risk --- Integration Management The project's integration process consists in ensuring that all the other areas are integrated into a single whole. Its purpose is to structure the entire project so as to guarantee that the needs of the parties involved are fulfilled by the project. The PMBOK Guide subdivides integration management into seven processes: --- +=+=+ Integration management as the central area of project management. Quality Time Scope Integration Cost Procurement Communications Human Resources Risk --- +=+=+ Integration management processes distributed among project phases. _ Develop project charter. _ Develop preliminary project scope statement. _ Develop project management plan. _ Direct and manage project execution. _ Monitor and control project work. _ Establish integrated change control. _ Close project. The integration management processes are broken down according to the mindmap. Develop project charter - Development of a project charter that formally authorizes a project or one phase of a project. Develop project management plan - Documentation of the actions necessary to define, prepare, integrate, and mesh all the auxiliary plans into a project management plan. Direct and manage project execution - Execution of the work defined in the project management plan to meet the project requirements specified in the project scope statement. +=+=+ Process mindmap: development of project management plan. +=+=+ Process mindmap: direction and management of project execution. Develop preliminary project scope statement - Development of the preliminary project scope statement that provides a high-level description of the scope. +=+=+ Integration management mindmap. +=+=+ Process mindmap: development of project charter. +=+=+ Process mindmap: development of preliminary project scope statement. Monitor and control project work - Monitoring and control of the processes used to start, plan, execute, and close a project to meet the performance objectives defined in the project management plan. Establish integrated change control - Review of all change, change approval, and change control requests regarding the products and assets of organizational processes. +=+=+ Process mindmap: monitoring and control of project work. +=+=+ Process mindmap: integrated change control. Close project - Closing of all activities in all project management process groups to formally close the project or one of its phases. +=+=+ Process mindmap: close project. Scope Management Scope Management has the main purpose of defining and controlling the works to be performed by the project to ensure that the desired product or service is obtained by means of the least quantity of work possible, without losing of any initial assumptions established in the project charter. The PMBOK Guide subdivides scope management into five processes, as follows: _ Scope planning _ Scope definition _ WBS creation _ Scope verification _ Scope control The scope management processes are broken down according to the mindmap. +=+=+ Scope management processes distributed among project phases. +=+=+16 Scope management mindmap. Initiation Create WBS Scope planning - Creation of a project scope management plan, which documents how the project scope will be defined, verified, and controlled, and how the work breakdown structure (WBS) will be created and defined. Scope definition - Development of a detailed project scope statement as a base for future project decisions. +=+=+ Process mindmap: scope planning. +=+=+Process mindmap: scope definition. WBS creation - Subdivision of the main project products and of the project work into smaller and more manageable components. Scope verification - Formalization of the acceptance of products from the completed project. +=+=+ Process mindmap: WBS creation. +=+=+ Process mindmap: scope verification. Scope control - Control of the project scope changes. +=+=+ Process mindmap: scope control. Time Management Time management, together with cost management, is the most visible area of project management. The initial objective of most people involved in projects is to control time and prepare schedules, networks, etc. The PMBOK Guide subdivides time management into six processes:
The time management processes are broken down according to the mindmap. +=+=+Time management processes distributed among project phases. +=+=+Time management mindmap. Initiation 6.5 - Schedule Development 6.5 - Schedule Control 6.6 Schedule Control 6.5 Schedule Development 6.4 Activity Duration Estimating Activity definition - Identification of the specific schedule activities that must be performed to produce the project products. Activity sequencing - Identification and documentation of the dependencies among the scheduled activities. +=+=+Process mindmap: activity definition. +=+=+ Process mindmap: activity sequencing. Estimating activity resources - Estimating the type and quantity of resources necessary to perform each scheduled task. Estimating activity duration - Estimating the work periods that will be necessary to complete the individual scheduled tasks. +=+=+Process mindmap: estimating activity resources. +=+=+ Process mindmap: estimating activity duration. Schedule development - Analysis of the resources, schedule restrictions, duration, and sequence of activities required to create the project schedule. Schedule control - Control of the project schedule changes. +=+=+ Process mindmap: schedule development. +=+=+ Process mindmap: schedule control. 6.5 Schedule Development Cost Management The purpose of cost management is to ensure that the capital available will be enough to acquire all the resources required for the performance of project works. The PMBOK Guide subdivides cost management into three processes:
The cost management processes are broken down according to the mindmap. +=+=+ Cost management processes distributed among project phases. +=+=+ Cost management mindmap. _ Cost estimating - Estimating the cost of resources required to complete the project activities. _ Cost budgeting - Establish the project cost baseline based on the estimated costs of individual tasks. +=+=+ Process mindmap: cost estimating. +=+=+ Process mindmap: cost budgeting. _ Cost control - The control of factors that create cost variances and control of the project budget changes. +=+=+Process mindmap: cost control. Quality Management The most important objective of this area is to ensure that the project will be completed according to the desired quality, thus guaranteeing fulfillment of the needs of all people involved. The project manager is the first person responsible for project quality management; he or she must give equal priority for quality, cost, and time management. The PMBOK Guide subdivides quality management into three processes:
The quality management processes are broken down according to the mindmap. +=+=+Quality management processes distributed among project phases. +=+=+Quality management mindmap. _ Quality planning - The identification of quality standards relevant to the project and determining how to fulfill them. _ Quality assurance - The application of planned and systematic quality activities required to ensure that the project employs all necessary processes to meet the requirements. +=+=+ Process mindmap: quality planning. +=+=+Process mindmap: quality assurance. _ Quality control - Monitoring specific project results to determine whether they comply with the relevant quality standards and identifying ways to eliminate the causes of unsatisfactory performance. +=+=+Process mindmap: quality control. Human Resources Management The core purpose of management of human resources is to make the best use of individuals involved in the project. As is well known, people are the central link of projects and the most important resource. They define the targets, make plans, organize the work, produce the results, and guide, coordinate, and control the project activities, using their technical and social skills. As costs and cash flow vary significantly over the project life cycle, human resources are necessary at several levels of specialty and experience, depending on the nature of work to be performed, the maturity level of the project schedule, and the internal and external restrictions. The types of professionals required during the project phases. The PMBOK Guide subdivides time management into four processes:
Human resource management processes are broken down according to the mindmap. +=+=+ Human resource management processes distributed among project phases. +=+=+Human resource management mindmap. Human resource planning - Identification and documentation of functions, responsibilities, and project hierarchical relations, in addition to the creation of the personnel management plan. Acquiring project team - Acquiring of human resources required to complete the project. +=+=+ Process mindmap: human resource planning. +=+=+Process mindmap: acquiring project team. Developing project team - Development of competencies and interaction of team members to improve project performance. Managing project team - Follow-up of team members' performance, furnishing of feedback, solution of issues, and coordination of changes to improve project performance. +=+=+Process mindmap: developing project team. +=+=+ Process mindmap: managing project team. Team performance assessment Communication Management An effective communication process is necessary to ensure that all the desired information reaches the correct people at the right time in an economically feasible way. The project manager uses communication to ensure that the project team is working in an integrated way to solve the project issues and take advantage of its opportunities. The PMBOK Guide subdivides communication management into four processes:
The communication management processes are broken down according to the mindmap. +=+=+Communication management processes distributed among project phases. +=+=+Communication management mindmap. Communications planning - Determination of project stakeholders' information and communication needs. Information distribution - Making necessary information available to project stakeholders at the required point in time. +=+=+ Process mindmap: communications planning. +=+=+ Process mindmap: information distribution. Lessons learned process Performance reporting - Gathering and distributing performance information, including the progress report, progress measurement, and forecast. Managing stakeholders - Managing communications to meet project stakeholders' requirements and making use of these to solve problems. +=+=+ Process mindmap: performance reporting. +=+=+Process mindmap: Managing stakeholders. Risk Management Risk management provides an opportunity to better understand the project nature, involving the team members to identify and respond to potential project opportunities and risks, usually associated with time, quality, and costs. The PMBOK Guide subdivides risk management into six processes:
The risk management processes are broken down according to the mindmap. +=+=+Risk management processes distributed among project phases. +=+=+ Risk management mindmap. Risk management planning - Decisions on how to approach, plan, and perform the risk management activities of a project. Risk identification - The determination of risks that might affect the project and documentation of its characteristics. +=+=+Process mindmap: risk management planning. +=+=+ Process mindmap: risk identification. Qualitative risk analysis - The determination of risk priorities for review or additional subsequent action through the evaluation and combination of their occurrence probability and impact. Quantitative risk analysis - A numerical approach to evaluate the effect of identified risks on the general project objectives. +=+=+ Process mindmap: qualitative risk analysis. +=+=+Process mindmap: quantitative risk analysis. Risk response planning - The development of options and actions to increase opportunities and reduce threats to the project objectives. Risk monitoring and control - Follow-up of identified risks, monitoring residual risks, identification of new risks, executing risk response plans, and evaluation of their efficacy during the entire project life cycle. +=+=+ Process mindmap: risk response planning. +=+=+Process mindmap: risk monitoring and control. Procurement Management The purpose of procurement management is to ensure that all external participating elements will guarantee the supply of their products, or services, to the project. The PMBOK Guide subdivides procurement management into six processes:
The procurement management processes are broken down according to the mindmap. +=+=+Procurement management processes distributed among project phases. +=+=+Procurement management mindmap. Planning purchases and acquisitions - Determination of what to purchase or acquire, as well as when and how. Planning contract execution - Documentation of the products, services, and quality requirements, including the identification of prospective suppliers. +=+=+Process mindmap: planning purchases and acquisitions. +=+=+Process mindmap: planning contract execution. Requesting seller responses - Gathering of information, quotations, prices, offers, or proposals, as appropriate. Selecting sellers - Review of offers, selecting prospective suppliers, and negotiation of a written contract with each supplier. +=+=+ Process mindmap: requesting seller responses. +=+=+Process mindmap: selecting sellers. Contract administration - Management of the contract and of the relationship between purchaser and supplier, review and documentation of present or past supplier performance to establish necessary corrective actions and provide a base for the future relationship with the supplier. Contract closure - Completion and settlement of each contract, including the solution of any outstanding issues, and closure of each contract applicable to the project or a phase of the project. +=+=+ Process mindmap: contract administration. +=+=+Process mindmap: contract closure. |
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